Nanoflares Keep Things Hot on the Sun

One thing we all know about the Sun: its incredibly hot. The surface (the outermost layer of the Sun that we can see) is 10,340 degrees Fahrenheit (F), and the core (which we cant see) is 27 MILLION degrees F. Theres another part of the Sun that lies between the surface and us: its the outermost atmosphere, called the corona.Its some 300 times hotter than the surface. How can something farther away and out in space be hotter? You would think it would actually be cooling off the farther away it gets from the Sun.   This question of how the corona gets so hot has kept solar scientists busy for a long time, trying to find an answer. It was once assumed that the corona heated gradually, but the cause of the heating was a mystery.   The Sun is heated from within by a process called fusion. The core is a nuclear furnace, fusing atoms of hydrogen together to make atoms of helium. The process releases heat and light, which travel through the Suns layers until they escape from the photosphere. The atmosphere, including the corona, lie above that. It should be cooler, but its not. So, what could possibly heat the corona? One answer is nanoflares. These are tiny cousins of the big solar flares that we detect erupting from the Sun. Flares are sudden flashes of brightness from the Suns surface. They release incredible amounts of energy and radiation. Sometimes flares are also accompanied by massive releases of superheated plasma from the Sun called coronal mass ejections. These outbursts can cause whats called space weather  (such as displays of northern and southern lights)  at Earth and other planets. Nanoflares are a different breed of solar flare. First, they erupt constantly, crackling along like countless little hydrogen bombs. Second, they are very, very hot, getting up to 18 million degrees Fahrenheit. Thats hotter than the corona, which is usually a few million degrees F.   Think of them as a very hot soup, bubbling along on the surface of a stove, warming the atmosphere above it. With nanoflares, the combined heating of all those constantly blowing tiny explosions (which are as powerful as 10-megaton hydrogen bomb explosions) is likely why the coronosphere is so hot.    The nanoflare idea is relatively new, and only recently have these little explosions been detected. The concept of nanoflares was first proposed in the early 2000s, and tested beginning in 2013 by astronomers using special instruments on sounding rockets. During the short flights, they studied the Sun, looking for evidence of these tiny flares (which are only a billionth of the power of a regular flare). More recently, the NuSTAR mission, which is a space-based telescope sensitive to x-rays, looked at the Suns x-ray emissions and found evidence for the nanoflares.   While the nanoflare idea seems to be the best one that explains coronal heating, astronomers need to study the Sun more in order to understand how the process works. They will watch the Sun during solar minimum—when the Sun is not bristling with sunspots that can confuse the picture. Then,  NuSTAR and other instruments will be able to get more data to explain just how millions of tiny little flares going off just above the solar surface can heat the thin upper atmosphere of the Sun.

China Has Been A Communist Country - 1534 Words

China has been a communist country. Despite persistent debate over an extended period of time, the question whether which Chinese government is the most responsive to its people has never been permanently settled. However, I dare to claim that Qing Dynasty was the most open and receptive to its people among several Chinese governments. Some people might contend that Republic of China, Warlords, and Chinese Communist Party were the most responsive to its people. However, a close examination throughout this essay will clearly reveal the fallacious nature of their argument. My line of reasoning will derive its support from the most fundamental sources of human wisdom and history. Qing Dynasty is the last empire in China. It was founded by Manchus in 1644 and ended in 1912 after Xianhai Revolution. Even though Qing Dynasty was an empire and was under the discipline of ‘Mandate of Heaven’, it prospered more than the other three governments. In the first 150 years of Qing Dynasty, it enjoyed stability and peacefulness for a long time without being noticed by foreign powers. During this time, even the culture and artistic practices bloomed. The Dream of the Red Chamber, which is China’s greatest novel, was written During Qing Dynasty. People had more time to enjoy their cultural life. It is usually attributed to the emperor Qianlong who ruled Qing from 1735 to 1799. He learned the ways of governing properly from his grandfather and his father. He successfully dealt with theShow MoreRelatedGovernmental Systems of China1593 Words   |  6 PagesThe country of China throughout the last century has experienced a large and significant variety of governmental systems, from historical to contemporary. 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Marketing Plan Marketing Mix of Apple - iPhone 6

Question: Describe about the Report for Marketing Plan of Marketing Mix of Apple, iPhone 6. Answer: Introduction The marketing mix is an integral part of an effective commercialization of any brand. Notably, it includes a set of controllable tools that a firm can deploy to influence the demand for their product. The components of marketing mix commonly abbreviated as the 4Ps entail the product, place price, and promotion. This paper seeks to analyze the marketing plan of Apple I Phone 6 and ultimately recommend necessary adjustments to the mix (Danaher et al., 2001) Components of the Marketing Mix of Apple, iPhone 6 Product (Consumer wants) Apple I Phone 6 has distinguishing features that improve the customer experience. The product specification is customized to the clients needs. Some of the notable features are as discussed below; The IOS 8 Operating System. The IOS operating system is a characteristic that is widely preferred and loved by many of the consumers. MacBook has for a very long time been the most desired laptop, and iPhone gave a chance to their customers to access IOS which is the same operating system used by the MacBook laptops. Noteworthy, the release of i- Phone 6 came with additional features to the operating system. I phone 6 runs ios 8 which has advanced features such as continuity, QuickType, iCloud Drive and Family Sharing. Moreover, the phone exhibited substantial progress for photos, Spotlights among other features. Processing Speed. The improved speed of processing further contributed to the popularity of i-Phone 6 in the market. The high processing speed was made possible by ensuring a perfect compatibility between the hardware and the software. Furthermore, the compatibility ensured the smooth running of the operating system and improved user interface which significantly develops the customers attraction. Apple Store and Itunes. The Apple stores give i-phone users a chance to access a relatively vast number of applications. Itunes further gives the users an opportunity to add to their collection of music, movies and TV shows. Price (Cost to Satisfy) Apple uses the premium pricing technique that involves setting high prices for new products in the market. For instances, i-phone is the most expensive smartphone in the market as compared to other competitors such as Samsung. It is worth noting that the customers prefer i-phone despite their high prices. The prices represent the cost that the client is willing to incur to meet the needs and desires created by the features of iPhone 6. Place (Convenience to buy) This aspect of marketing mix primarily involves all the activities aimed at ensuring availability of the product across the world for the target customers. In the case of i-phone, Apple has guaranteed the availability of their products in many countries globally. Moreover, they offer outstanding service back up in all the countries of operation. Apple also distributes its products through CNF that entails circulation done by a carrying and forwarding agent. Additionally, retailers get the product directly from the company. The customers are also privileged to the product directly from the company through the Apple online store. Effective placement increases the convenience with which the consumers can get the new products. Promotion (Communication) Whenever i-phone is released, Apple deploys various platforms to create awareness of the new product efficiently. Apple applies both ATL and BTL platforms during promotions. For ATL, Apple heavily uses the newspapers, radio, and televisions to reach the targeted premium segment. Additionally, Apple uses the BTL platforms such as major advertisements at various retail outlets and other points of sales conversations and offers to convince other customers. Promotion is intended to communicate the features of the new product to the clients. Consumer Priorities In the industry of smartphones, consumers have exhibited a preference for larger screens, high processing speed, and an advanced operating system. Such features should be given focus to enhance customer attraction (Malasi, 2012). Target Market for Apple, i-phone 6 Apple Inc. primarily makes their product suit various end users requirements. As such, the company pays close attention to the customers needs to be able to develop products that impress their clients who are spread across the world. Apple operates in a global market; thus, the iPhone 6 targeted everyone globally across the demographic, societal and financial aspects that significantly influence the consumption rate (Malasi, 2012) Organizational Requirements Effective implementation requires resources. Any company should make a budget for the plan and ensure adherence to the developed budget. All the financial aspects of the scheme should be considered when planning to provide a comprehensive budget hence limiting the chances of adverse variations (Jain Haley, 2009). Therefore, it is noteworthy that money is vital in the effective implementation of a marketing plan. Importantly, the cost of the program should not exceed the revenues to be raised from the sales. Adjusting the Marketing Mix Apple Inc. is among the companies that have the best marketing plan for their products. However, there are notable loopholes that need adjustments. The various changes needed area as discussed below; Product The business world is dynamic in nature, and therefore technological advancements are inevitable (Proctor, 2005). As such, Apple needs to consider providing a variety of smartphones because there is a section of the population that continuously changes phones. Other competitors such as Samsung offer several types at different prices to cater for the various customers. Additionally, Apple should lift the unnecessary restriction in their products and include the missing features such as expandable internal memory. Further, the non-removable battery hinders the chances of additional revenue through the sale of accessories. Pricing Apple Inc. should consider reviewing their pricing strategy and look into ways of making their products affordable to the customers with little income (Yoo et al, 2000). The company should also introduce different amounts of discounts to the customers to improve the level of sales significantly. Place Apple experienced an increase in their level of sales since iPhone 6 was launched in 2014. However, it worth noting that significant sales were made in urban areas, an implication that Apple can still significantly boost their market dominance by putting emphasize on geographical expansion. To achieve the objective of geographic expansion, Apple should expand its supply chain to reach the rural areas. Moreover, the company should franchise their production to arrive at a wider market globally (Westwood, 2002). Monitoring the Marketing Mix The marketing plan needs control to ensure that everything works as intended. Exercising adequate control is the key to the success of any marketing mix. As such, the plan needs to be monitored to detect any deviation from the projections made. An important technique in the follow-up to a marketing plan is through the customer feedback which can be obtained through interviews and surveys. Furthermore, a company can use the target market sales to control the project. This technique involves continuously measuring the units sold at the target market to assist in detecting the effectiveness of the plan (McDonald, 2007). Testing and Re-Adjusting the Marketing Mix The monitoring process reveals potential areas of deviations that need urgent actions. As such, the identified factors need to be isolated for the purpose of testing. Subsequently, an analysis of the test result needs to be done. Remarkably, the managers should evaluate the consequences of altering any aspect of the plan and implement the option with the most favorable outcome (Luther, 2001). However, due care should be observed in ensuring that the re-adjustment conforms to the requirements of the budget for marketing plan as well as the organization. Conclusion A new product needs a practical and economical marketing plan to penetrate the target market (Rahmani et al., 2015). In the case of Apple, the strategy for the commercialization of iPhone involved a perfect mix of the 4Ps of the marketing as evident by the notable rise in the sale of iPhone 6 as illustrated by the graph in the appendix. References Danaher, P. J., Hardie, B. G., Putsis Jr, W. P. (2001). Marketing-mix variables and the diffusion of successive generations of a technological innovation.Journal of Marketing Research,38(4), 501-514. Jain, S. C., Haley, G. T. (2009).Marketing planning and strategy. Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1985.. Luther, W. M. (2001).The marketing plan: How to prepare and implement it. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Malasi, J. M. (2012). Influence of Product Attributes on Mobile Phone preference among university students: A Case of Undergraduate students.International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences,1(6), 10. McDonald, M. (2007).Malcolm McDonald on marketing planning: Understanding marketing plans and strategy. Kogan Page Publishers. Proctor, T. (2005).Essentials of marketing research. Pearson Education. Rahmani, K., Emamisaleh, K., Yadegari, R. (2015). Quality Function Deployment and New Product Development with a focus on Marketing Mix 4P model.Asian Journal of Research in Marketing,4(2), 98-108. Sultan, F., Rohm, A. (2005). The coming era of" brand in the hand" marketing.MIT Sloan Management Review,47(1), 83. Westwood, J. (2002).The marketing plan: a step-by-step guide. Kogan Page Publishers. Yoo, B., Donthu, N., Lee, S. (2000). An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity.Journal of the academy of marketing science,28(2), 195-211.